Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America
Volume 17, Issue 2 , Pages 285-307, April 2008

Neurobiology of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

  • Christian Kieling, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350 - 2201A 90035-903, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author. Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350 - 2201A 90035-903, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
    • ,
  • Renata R.F. Goncalves, MA

      Affiliations

    • Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350 - 2201A 90035-903, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
    • ,
  • Rosemary Tannock, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada
    • ,
  • Francisco X. Castellanos, MD

      Affiliations

    • New York University Child Study Center, 215 Lexington Avenue, 14th Floor, New York, NY 10016, USA
    • Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, 140 Old Orangeburg Road, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA

This article addresses the current understanding of the neurobiological bases of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), focusing on empiric research findings that connect genetic and environmental factors to structural and functional brain abnormalities, ultimately leading to a set of age-dependent behavioral manifestations. Section one presents evidence for genetic risk factors for ADHD and discusses the role of potential environmental factors in the etiology of the disorder. Section two focuses on brain imaging studies and how they have helped generate different hypotheses regarding the pathophysiology of ADHD. Finally, the article addresses the longitudinal course of symptoms in ADHD from infancy to adulthood in an attempt to place biological findings for this complex brain disorder in the context of maturation and development.

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 R. Tannock has received research funds from Eli Lilly and Shire, currently, sits on the Advisory Boards of Eli Lilly and Pfizer, acts as a consultant to Eli Lilly, and has received honoraria from Eli Lilly, Shire, Janssen-Ortho, McNeil, and Pfizer. All such funding is donated to The Hospital for Sick Children Foundation for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder research.

PII: S1056-4993(07)00127-7

doi:10.1016/j.chc.2007.11.012

Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America
Volume 17, Issue 2 , Pages 285-307, April 2008

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